How Do I Create a Trust if I Live Overseas?
Full Question:
Answer:
The answer will depend on all the facts involved, such as where the assets are located, whether the children have special needs, etc. We suggest you contact a local attorney who can review all the facts and documents involved. For a good discussion on jurisdiction over a trust, please see:
http://www.wisbar.org/res/capp/2010/2009ap001995.htm
Irrevocable trusts are trusts that cannot be amended or revoked once they have been created. These are generally tax-sensitive documents. Some examples include irrevocable life insurance trusts, irrevocable trusts for children, and charitable trusts. With an irrevocable trust, all of the property in the trust, plus all future appreciation on the property, is out of your taxable estate. They may also be used to plan for Medicare eligibility if a parent enters a nursing home.
A trust created in an individual's will is called a testamentary trust. Because a will can become effective only upon death, a testamentary trust is generally created at or following the date of the settlor's death. They do not address the management of your assets during your lifetime. They can, however, provide for young children and others who would need someone to manage their assets after your death.
An asset protection trust is a type of trust that is designed to protect a person's assets from claims of future creditors. These types of trusts are often set up in countries outside of the United States, although the assets do not always need to be transferred to the foreign jurisdiction. The purpose of an asset protection trust is to protect assets from creditors.
These trusts are typically restricted by being irrevocable for a number of years and not allowing the trustmaker to benefit from the trust. Typically, any undistributed assets of the trust are returned to the trustmaker upon termination of the trust. The asset protection trust is basically a trust containing a spendthrift clause preventing a trust beneficiary from alienating his or her expected interest in favor of a creditor.
A Tax By-Pass Trust or A/B Trust is a type of trust that is created to allow one spouse to leave money to the other, while limiting the amount of federal estate tax that would be payable on the death of the second spouse. While assets can pass to a spouse tax-free, when the surviving spouse dies, the remaining assets over and above the exempt limit would be taxable to the children of the couple, potentially at a rate of 55%. A Tax By-Pass Trust avoids this situation and saves the children perhaps hundreds of thousands of dollars in federal taxes, depending upon the value of the estate.
A trust continues despite the incapacity or death of the grantor. It determines how a trustee is to act with respect to the trust estate. It determines how property is to be distributed after the death of the grantor. A properly drawn trust is a separate entity that does not die when the creator dies. The successor trustee can take over management of the trust estate and pay bills and taxes, and promptly distribute the trust assets to the beneficiaries, without court supervision, if the trust agreement gives the trustee that power. Trusts, unlike wills, are generally private documents. The public would be able to see how much the descendent owned and who the beneficiaries were under a will, but typically not with a trust. Like a will, however, a trust can be used to provide for minor children, children from a prior marriage and a second spouse in the same trust, transfer a family-operated or closely-held business, provide for pets, provide for charities and can remove life insurance benefits from a taxable estate, while still controlling the designation of insurance beneficiaries.
Supplemental needs trusts (also known as "special needs" trusts) allow a disabled beneficiary to receive gifts, lawsuit settlements, or other funds and yet not lose her eligibility for certain government programs. Such trusts are drafted so that the funds will not be considered to belong to the beneficiary in determining her eligibility for public benefits. As their name implies, supplemental needs trusts are designed not to provide basic support, but instead to pay for comforts and luxuries that could not be paid for by public assistance funds. These trusts typically pay for things like education, recreation, counseling, and medical attention beyond the simple necessities of life. (However, the trustee can use trust funds for food, clothing and shelter, if the trust provides him with such discretion, if the trustee decides doing so is in the beneficiary's best interest despite a possible loss or reduction in public assistance.) This trust is most often a stand alone document, but it can form part of a Last Will and Testament.
Very often, supplemental needs trusts are created by a parent or other family member for a disabled child (even though the child may be an adult by the time the trust is created or funded). Such trusts also may be set up in a will as a way for an individual to leave assets to a disabled relative. In addition, the disabled individual can often create the trust himself, depending on the program for which he or she seeks benefits. These "self-settled" trusts are frequently established by individuals who become disabled as the result of an accident or medical malpractice and later receive the proceeds of a personal injury award or settlement.