How can I proceed in small claims court if I am unable to locate defendant?
Full Question:
Answer:
In order to dispose of abandoned property, notice must be served on the property owner so he has an opportunity to respond to the claim. When the defendant cannot be located, it may be possible to conduct an Internet search, such as at www.zabasearch.com. Another alternative is to hire a professional investigative service.
If you are unable to locate a defendant and can show to the court that you have made reasonably diligent attempts to do so, you can ask the court’s permission to serve the lawsuit by ‘publication’ as a last resort in some states. Service by publication involves running a notice of the lawsuit in the local newspaper for a specified period of time. After the final notice has been published, the defendant will be deemed served, despite not having actual notice. Service by publication will only be granted if you can show that the defendant’s address cannot be found. Locating the defendant, their place of employment, and/or location of their assets will still be needed to collect on a judgment.
When a person who is not a landlord agrees to hold property for another, a bailment is created. When the person holding the property, called the bailee, is not being compensated, it is called a gratutous bailment and the bailee must use reasonable care to protect the property.
There are different types of bailments- "bailments for hire" in which the custodian (bailee) is paid, "constructive bailment" when the circumstances create an obligation upon the custodian to protect the goods, and "gratuitous bailment" in which there is no payment, but the bailee is still responsible. There is a lower standard of care imposed upon the bailee in a gratuitous bailment, and the parties may contract to hold the bailee free from liability in any bailment. As the law of bailments establishes a lower standard of care for the bailee in a gratuitous bailment agreement, such an agreement or receipt should indicate explicitly that the bailee is acting without compensation. When a bailment is for the exclusive benefit of the bailee, the bailee owes a duty of extraordinary care. If the bailment is for the mutual benefit of the bailee and bailor, the bailee owes a duty of ordinary care. A gratuitous bailee must use only slight care and is liable only for gross negligence. To create a bailment, the alleged bailee must have actual physical control with the intent to possess. Physical control and intent to possess will be interpreted according to the expectations of the parties. If a court thinks that liability would be unexpected or unfair, it can usually find that the defendant did not have “physical control” or “intent to possess.” For example, courts are more likely to find a bailment of a car exists in a garage with an attendant than in a park and lock garage.